Students were presented with 6 mark-all-that-apply multiple choice questions pertaining to library research. Students received credit for partially correct answers. Each student was given an overall score (see How Knowledge Scores Were Calculated) based on their responses to all 6 questions. Overall scores could range from 0 to 100.

For the purpose of analysis, the BI group and the RPC group were further divided into subgroups:

• Those who had received no previous library instruction (either BI or RPC)
• Those who had received some previous library instruction (either BI or RPC)