Citation Conventions for Anthropology

Gettysburg College, Department of Sociology & Anthropology

I. In-Text Citations:

When you use a direct quote or give information including statistics, historical facts, or terminology taken directly from another source, you must cite that source. This includes listing the page number. Anthropologists do NOT use footnotes. Rather, we place, inside parentheses, the Author's/Authors' last name(s) followed by the date, no space, colon, no space, page number(s). The period that marks the end of a sentence goes after the parentheses. Here are examples of in-text citations for the first two sources listed below:

"quote" (Castles 1990:112).

"quote" (Bonacich and Modell 1975:34).

*note: if there are more than three authors, you should only list the first author followed by "et al.": (Cooper et al. 2003:7)

II. References Cited:

List any source(s) that you cite in your paper in a "References Cited" section at the end of your paper. This is also known as a bibliography. References should be arranged alphabetically by the authors' last names. Format your references according to the American Anthropological Association Style Guide. Some examples are given below. For more information on formatting references, consult page 10 of The American Anthropological Association Style Guide.

*there are no italics (except the word "In" for edited books), no quotation marks, no underlining, and no boldface.

*Hint*

An easy way to produce a "Reference Cited" list is to use RefWorks, a bibliographic program available to Gettysburg students. RefWorks will properly format a bibliography according to American Anthropological Association conventions. You can download your sources from library databases or enter citation information manually. To access RefWorks, go to the library webpage, or click here for direct access.

BOOK:
Castles, Stephen

1990	Here for Good. London: Pluto Press.

COAUTHORED BOOK:
Bonacich, Edna, and John Modell

1975	The Economic Basis of Ethnic Solidarity: Small Business in Japanese American Community. Berkeley: University of California Press.

CHAPTER IN BOOK WITH EDITORS:
Rohlen, Thomas P.

1993	Education: Policies and Prospects. In Koreans in Japan: Ethnic Conflicts and Accommodation. Cameron Lee and George De Vos, eds. Pp. 182-222. Berkeley: University of California Press.

JOURNAL ARTICLE:

Moll, Luis C.

2000	Writing as Communication: Creating Strategic Learning Environments for Students. Theory into Practice 25(3):202-208.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE:

Reinhold, Robert

2000	Illegal Aliens Hoping to Claim Their Dreams. New York Times, November 3: A1, A10.

INTERNET DOCUMENT

Rheingold, Howard

2000	A Slice of Life in My Virtual Community. Electronic document, http://well.sf.ca.us/serv/ftp.htm, accessed July 5, 2004.