English 310-B: Mythology in the Middle Ages
Texts on Reserve
Required and Recommended Reading
Medieval Myth & its Classical Influences
Medieval Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian & Germanic Myth
Required and Recommended Reading: (on reserve all semester)
Burgess, G., ed. The Song of Roland. (Penguin Classics 1990) ISBN: 0140445323
Byock, J., ed. The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer. (Penguin Classics 2000) ISBN: 0140447385
Dawood, N., ed. Tales from the Thousand and One Nights. (Penguin Classics 1973) ISBN: 0140442898
Ferdowsi, A. and J. Clinton. The Tragedy of Sohrab and Rostam: From the Persian National Epic, the Shahname of Abdol-Qasem Ferdowsi (University of Washington 1996) ISBN: 0295975679
Gantz, J. The Mabinogion. (Penguin Classics 1976) ISBN: 0140443223
Hamilton, R., J. Perry, & I. Michael, eds. The Poem of The Cid. (Penguin Classics 1985) ISBN: 0140444467
Hatto, A. ed. Nibelungenlied. (Penguin Classics 1985) ISBN: 0140441379
Kinsella, T. The Tain. (Oxford 2002) ISBN: 0192803735
Lewis, G., ed. The Book of Dede Korkut. (Penguin Classics 1988) ISBN: 0140442987
Malory, T. Le Morte Darthur: The Winchester Manuscript. (Oxford 1998) ISBN: 0192824201
Voragine, J. The Golden Legend. (Penguin Classics 1998) ISBN: 0140446486
Wineman, A. Mystic Tales from the Zohar. (Princeton 1998) ISBN: 0691058334
Zenkovsky, S., ed. Medieval Russian Epics, Chronicles, and Tales. (Rev. ed. Plume 1974) ISBN: 0452010861
Crossley-Holland, K. The Norse Myths. (Pantheon 1981) ISBN: 0394748468
Fee, C. & D. Leeming. Gods, Heroes, & Kings: The Battle for Mythic Britain. (Oxford 2004) ISBN: 0195174038
Gantz, J. Early Irish Myths and Sagas. (Penguin Classics 1982) ISBN: 0140443975
Heaney, S. Beowulf : A New Verse Translation. (Norton 2001) ISBN: 0393320979
Lacy, N., et al. The Arthurian Handbook. 2nd ed. (Garland 1997) ISBN: 0815320817
Lindahl, J., J. McNamara, & J. Lindow, eds. Medieval Folklore: A Guide to Myths, Legends, Tales, Beliefs, and Customs. (Oxford 2002) ISBN: 0195147723
Medieval Art Books: (on reserve all semester)
Benton, J.R. Art of the Middle Ages. (Thames & Hudson 2002). ISBN: 0500203504
Brend, B. Islamic Art. (Harvard 1991). ISBN: 0674468651
Buxton, D.R. Russian Medieval Architecture. (Cambridge 1934).
Camille, M. Images on the Edge. (Reaktion 1992). ISBN: 0948462280
Cone, Polly. Treasury of Early Irish Art. (Metropolitan Museum of Art 1977). ISBN: 0870991647
Duby, G. Medieval Art: 980-1140. (BookKing 1995). ISBN: 26505003000
---. Medieval Art: 1280-1440. (BookKing 1995). ISBN: 2605003027
Green, M. Celtic Art: Symbols and Imagery. (Sterling 1997). ISBN: 0806903139
Mathews, T.F. Byzantium: From Antiquity to the Renaissance. (H.N. Abrams 1998). ISBN: 0810927004
Nees, L. Early Medieval Art. (Oxford 2002). ISBN: 0192842439
Pope, A.U. Persian Architecture. (George Braziller 1965).
Sekules, Veronica. Medieval Art. (Oxford 2001). ISBN: 0192842412
Stoddard, W.S. Arts and Architecture in Medieval France. (Harper & Row 1972). ISBN: 0643000226
Stone, L. Sculpture in Britain: The Middle Ages. (Penguin 1972). ISBN: 140560092
Strickland, D.H. Saracens, Demons, and Jews. (Princeton 2003). ISBN: 0691057192
Wilson, D. Anglo-Saxon Art. (Overlook 1984). ISBN: 0879519762
Medieval Saints’ Myths: (Week 2)
Attwater, D. Penguin Dictionary of Saints. (Penguin 1996). ISBN: 0140513124
Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Renate and Timea Szell. Images of Sainthood in Medieval Europe. (Cornell 1991). ISBN: 0801425077
Brown, Peter. The Cult of the Saints: Its rise and function in Latin Christianity. (U of Chicago 1981). ISBN:
Cross, F.L. and E.A. Livingstone. Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. (Oxford 1997). ISBN: 019211655X
Delany, Sheila. A Legend of Holy Women. (U of Notre Dame 1992). ISBN: 0268012946
Farmer, D.H. Oxford Dictionary of Saints. (Oxford 2003) ISBN: 019860629X
Heffernan, Thomas. Sacred Biography: Saints and Their Biographers in the Middle Ages. (Oxford 1988). ISBN: 0195052250
Noble, Thomas and Thomas Head. Soldiers of Christ: Saints and Saints' Lives from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. (University Park 1994). ISBN: 0271013451
Rabanus Maurus, Archbishop of Mainz. The Life of Saint Mary Magdalene and of Her Sister Martha: a medieval biography. (Cistercian Publications 1989). ISBN: 0879076089
Reames, Sherry. The Legenda Aurea: A Reexamination of Its Paradoxical History. (U of Wisconsin 1985). ISBN: 0299101509
Szarmach, Paul. Holy Men and Holy Women: Old English Prose Saints’ Lives and Their Contexts. (U of NY 1996). ISBN: 0791427153
Szarmach, Paul. An Introduction to the Medieval Mystics of Europe. (U of NY 1984). ISBN: 0873958349
Winstead, Karen. Chaste Passions: Medieval English Virgin Martyrs. (Cornell 2000). ISBN: 0801485576
Medieval Arthurian Myth: (Week 3)
Barron, W.R.J. The Arthur of the English: the Arthurian Legend in Medieval English Life and Literature. (U of Wales 2001). ISBN: 0708316832
de Troyes, Chretien and Carleton W. Carroll. Arthurian Romances. (Penguin 1991). ISBN: 0140445218
Goodrich, N.L. King Arthur. (F. Watts 1986). ISBN:
Grout, P.B. The Legend of Arthur in the Middle Ages. (Cambridge 1983). ISBN: 0859911322
Ihle, Sandra N. Malory’s Grail Quest: Invention and Adaptation in Medieval Prose Romance. (U of Wisconsin 1983). ISBN: 0299092402
Jackson, W.H. and S.A. Ranawake. The Arthur of the Germans: the Arthurian Legend in Medieval German and Dutch Literature. (U of Wales 2000). ISBN: 070831595X
Lacy, Norris J. The Arthurian Handbook. (Garland 1997). ISBN:
Lambert, Mark. Malory: Style and Vision in Le Morte Darthur. (Yale 1975). ISBN: 0300018355
Moll, Richard. Before Malory: Reading Arthur in Later Medieval England. (U of Toronto 2003). ISBN: 0802037224
Morris, Rosemary. The Character of King Arthur in Medieval Literature. (Rowan and Littlefield 1982). ISBN: 0847671186
Whitaker, Muriel. Arthur’s Kingdom of Adventure: the World of Malory’s Morte Darthur. (Cambridge 1984). ISBN: 0389204749
Medieval French Myth: (Week 4)
Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Renate. Reading Myth: Classical Mythology and Its Interpretations in Medieval French Literature. (Stanford 1997). ISBN: 0804728100
Cook, Robert. The Sense of the Song of Roland. (Cornell 1987). ISBN: 0801419301
Duggan, Joseph. The Song of Roland: Formulaic Style and Poetic Craft. (U of CA 1973). ISBN: 0520022017
Gaunt, Simon. Retelling the Tale: an Introduction to French Medieval Literature. (Duckworth 2001). ISBN: 0715629255
Kelly, Douglas. The Art of Medieval French Romance. (U of Wisconsin 2001). ISBN: 0299131904
Maddox, Donald. Fictions of Identity in Medieval France. (Cambridge 2000). ISBN: 0521781051
Morrissey, Robert. Charlemagne and France: A Thousand Years of Mythology. (U of Notre Dame 2003). ISBN: 0268022771
Nelson, Jan A. and Emanuel J. Mickel. The Old French Crusade Cycle. (U of Alabama 1977). ISBN: 0817385010
Potter, David. France in the Later Middle Ages: 1200-1500. (Oxford 2003). ISBN: 0199250472
Uitti, Karl. Story, Myth, and Celebration in Old French Narrative Poetry, 1050-1200. (Princeton 1973). ISBN: 0691062420
Vance, Eugene. Reading the Song of Roland. (Prentice-Hall 1970). ISBN: 0137535333
Chance, Jane. The Mythographic Art: Classical Fable and the Rise of the Vernacular in Early France and England. (U of FL 1990). ISBN: 081300974X
Classical Mythology in the Middle Ages: (Week 4)
Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Renate. Reading Myth: Classical Mythology and its Interpretations in Medieval French Literature. (Stanford 1997). ISBN: 0804728100
Brown, Sarah A. The Metamorphosis of Ovid: from Chaucer to Ted Hughes. (St. Martin’s 1999). ISBN:
Chance, Jane. Assembly of Gods: Le Assemble De Dyeus, or Banquet of Gods and Goddesses. (Medieval Institute Publications 1999). ISBN: 1580440223
---. The Genius Figure in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. (Columbia 1975). ISBN:
---. Medieval Mythography, Vol. 1. (U of FL 1994). ISBN:
---. Medieval Mythography, Vol. 2. (U of FL 2000). ISBN:
---. The Mythographic Art: Classic Fable and the Rise of the Vernacular in Early France and England. (U of FL 1990). ISBN:
---. The Mythographic Chaucer: The Fabulation of Sexual Politics. (U of MN 1995). ISBN: 0816622760
Delany, Sheila. The Naked Text: Chaucer’s Legend of Good Women. (U of CA 1994).
Desmond, Marilynn. Reading Dido: Gender, Textuality, and the Medieval Aeneid. (U of MN 1994). ISBN:
Hagedorn, Suzanne C. Abandoned Women: Rewriting the Classics in Dante, Boccaccio, and Chaucer. (U of MI 2004). ISBN:
Martindale, Charles. Ovid Renewed: Ovidian Influences on Literature and Art from the Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century. (Cambridge 1988). ISBN:
Toohey, Peter. Reading Epic: an Introduction to the Ancient Narratives. (Routledge 1992). ISBN:
Medieval British & Irish Myth: (Week 5)
Duffy, Sean. Ireland in the Middle Ages. (St. Martin’s 1997). ISBN: 0312163894
Fee, Christopher and David Leeming. Gods, Heroes, and Kings: The Battle for Mythic Britain. (Oxford 2004). ISBN: 0195174038
Gantz, J. Early Irish Myths and Sagas. (Penguin Classics 1982). ISBN: 0140442975
Geoffrey of Monmouth. History of the Kings of Britain. (Penguin). ISBN: 0140441700
Hull, Eleanor. The Cuchullin Saga in Irish Literature. (AMS Press 1972). ISBN: 0404535534
Mallory, J.P. Aspects of the Tain. (December 1992). ISBN: 0951706829
Nagy, J.F. Conversing With Angels and Ancients: Literary Myths of Medieval Ireland. (Cornell 1997). ISBN: 0801433002
Neeson, Eoin. Celtic Myths and Legends. (Irish American Books 1998). ISBN:
Ridyard, Susan. The Royal Saints of Anglo-Saxon England: a Study of West Saxon and East Anglian Cults. (Cambridge 1988). ISBN: 0521307724
Yeats, W.B. Writings on Irish Folklore, Legends, and Myth. (Penguin 1993). ISBN: 014018001X
Young, Ella. Celtic Wonder-tales. (Dover 1995). ISBN: 048628896X
Jones, Gywn. Kings, Beasts, and Heroes. (Oxford 1972). ISBN: 0192151819
Medieval Scandinavian & Germanic Myth: (Week 6)
Andersson, Theodore. A Preface to the Nibelungenlied. (Stanford 1987). ISBN: 0804713626
Bekker, Hugo. The Nibelungenlied: a Literary Analysis. (U of Toronto 1971). ISBN: 0802052355
Davidson, H.R. Ellis. Gods and Myths of Northern Europe. (Penguin). ISBN: 0140136274
Gentry, Francis G. The Nibelungenlied Tradition: An Encyclopedia. (Routledge 2002). ISBN: 0815317059
Gentry, Francis G. and James K. Walter. Germanic Epic Poetry. (Continuum 1995). ISBN: 0826407439
Hatto, A.T. Essays on Medieval German and Other Poetry. (Cambridge 1980). ISBN: 052122148X
Haymes, Edward. Heroic Legends of the North: an Introduction to the Nibelung and Dietrich Cycles. (Garland 1996). ISBN: 0815300336
Lindow, John. Handbook of Norse Mythology. (Oxford). ISBN: 1576072177
---. Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. (Oxford). ISBN: 0195153820
McConnell, Winder. A Companion to the Nibelungenlied. (Camden House 1998). ISBN: 1571131515
Murdoch, Brian. The Germanic Hero: Politics and Pragmatism in Early Medieval Poetry. (Hambledon 1996). ISBN: 1852851430
Russell, James C. The Germanization of Early Medieval Christianity: a Sociohistorical Approach to Religious Transformation. (Oxford 1994). ISBN: 0195076966
Medieval Slavic and Baltic: (Week 7)
Balzer, M.M. Russian Traditional Culture: Religion, Gender, and Customary Law. (M.E. Sharpe 1992). ISBN: 1563240394
Birnbaum, Henrik and Michael S. Flier. Medieval Russian Culture. (U of CA 1984). ISBN: 0520049381
Crone, A.L. and C. Chrany. New Studies in Russian Language and Literature. (Slavica 1987). ISBN: 0893571687
Curtin, Jeremy. Myths and Folk Tales of the Russians, Westerns Slavs, and Magyars. (Dover 2000). ISBN: 0486409058
Hubbs, J. Mother Russia: The Feminine Myth in Russian Culture. (Indiana UP 1993). ISBN: 0253208424
Hudec, Ivan. Tales from Slavic Myths. (Bolchazy Carducci 2000). ISBN: 0865164517
Kirschbaum, Stanislav J. Historical Reflections on Central Europe : Selected Papers from the Fifth World Congress of Central and East European Studies, Warsaw, 1995. (St. Martin’s 1999). ISBN: 0312220065
Levin, Eve. Sex and Sexuality in the World of the Orthodox Slavs. (Cornell 1995). ISBN: 0801483042
Lord, Albert Bates. The Singer of Tales. (Harvard 1960).
Vryonis, Speros. Byzantine Studies: Essays on the Slavic World and the Eleventh Century. (A.D. Caratzas 1992). ISBN: 0892415177
Warner, Elizabeth. Russian Myths. (U of TX 2002). ISBN: 0292791585
Medieval Iberian Myth: (Week 8)
Burke, James F. Desire Against the Law: The Juxtaposition of Contraries in Early Medieval Spanish Literature. (Stanford 1998). ISBN: 0804729360
Clarke, Dorothy. Early Spanish Lyric Poetry: Essays and Selections. (Las Americas 1967).
Constable, Olivia. Trade and Traders in Muslim Spain: the Commercial Realignment of the Iberian Peninsula, 900-1500. (Cambridge 1994). ISBN: 0521430755
Dangler, Jean. Mediating Fictions: Literature, Women Healers, and the Go-between in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia. (Bucknell 2001). ISBN:
De Palol, Pedro. Early Medieval Art in Spain. (Thames and Hudson 1967).
Deyermond, A.D. Epic Poetry and the Clergy: Studies on the Mocedades de Rodrigo. (Tamesis 1968). ISBN: 0900411082
---. A Literary History of Spain, Vol. 1: The Middle Ages. (Barnes & Noble 1991). ISBN: 0510322514
Gerli, E.M. and S.G. Armistead. Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia. (Routledge 2003). ISBN: 0415939186
Keller, John and Richard Kinkade. Iconography in Medieval Spanish Literature. (U of KY 1984). ISBN: 0813114497
Mann, Vivian B., Thomas F. Glick, and Jerrilyn D. Dodds. Convivencia: Jews, Muslims, and Christians in Medieval Spain. (G. Braziller 1992). ISBN: 0807612839
Montgomery, Thomas. Medieval Spanish Epic: Mythic Roots and Ritual Language. (PSU 1998). ISBN: 0271017384
Smith, Colin. The Making of Poema De Mio Cid. (Cambridge 1983). ISBN: 0521249929
Sponsler, Lucy. Women in the Medieval Spanish Epic and Lyric Traditions. (U of KY 1975). ISBN: 0813113164
Medieval Arabian Myth: (Week 9)
Havannisian, Robert. The Thousand and One Nights in Arabic Literature and Society. (Cambridge 1997). ISBN: 0521573971
Irwin, Robert. The Arabian Nights, a Companion. (Allen Lane 1994). ISBN: 0713991054
Issawi, Charles. Cross-Cultural Encounters and Conflicts. (Oxford 1998). ISBN: 0195118138
Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century. (AB Longman).
Lewis, Bernard. The Arabs in History. (Oxford 2002). ISBN: 0192803107
---. Islam: From the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople, Volume 1: Politics and War. (Oxford 1987). ISBN: 0195050878
---. Islam: From the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople, Volume 2: Religion and Society. (Oxford 1987). ISBN: 0195050886
Lyons, M.C. The Arabian Epic 3 volume set: Heroic and Oral Storytelling. (Cambridge 1995). ISBN: 0521483549
Meisami, Julie Scott and Paul Starkey. Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature. (Edinburgh 1999). ISBN: 0748612769
Hamori, Andras. On the Art of Medieval Arabic Literature. (Princeton 1974). ISBN: 0691062641
Esposito, John. The Oxford History of Islam. (Oxford 2000). ISBN: 0195107993
Meisami, Julie Scott. Structure and Meaning in Medieval Arabic and Persian Lyric Poetry: Orient Pearls (Culture and Civilization in the Middle East). (Routledge 2003). ISBN: 0700715754
Stetkevych, Jaroslav. Muhammad and the Golden Bough: Reconstructing Arabian Myth. (Indiana UP 2000). ISBN: 0253214130
Medieval Jewish Myth: (Week 10)
Astell, Ann. The Song of Songs in the Middle Ages. (Cornell 1990). ISBN: 0801423473
Baer, Yitzhak. A History of the Jews in Christian Spain. (Jewish Pub Society 1993). ISBN: 0827604254
Brody, Robert. The Geonim of Babylonia and the Shaping of Medieval Jewish Culture. (Yale 1998). ISBN: 0300070470
Cohen-Sherbok, Dan. Medieval Jewish Philosophy: an Introduction. (Curzon 1996). ISBN: 0700704140
Delany, Sheila. Chaucer and the Jews: Sources, Contexts, Meanings. (Routledge 2002). ISBN:
Giller, Pinchas. Reading the Zohar: the Sacred Text of the Kabbalah. (Oxford 2001). ISBN: 0195118499
Green, Arthur. A Guide to the Zohar. (Stanford 2004). ISBN: 0804749086
Hughes, Aaron. The Texture of the Divine: Imagination in Medieval Islamic and Jewish Thought. (Indiana U 2004). ISBN: 0253343534
Langermann, Y.T. The Jews and the Sciences in the Middle Ages. (Ashgate/Variorium 1999). ISBN: 0860786757
Leibes, Yehuda. Studies in Jewish Myth and Jewish Messianism. (U of NY). ISBN: 079141194X
Singer, S.A. Medieval Jewish Mysticism. (Whitehall 1971). ISBN: 0876550170
Einbinder, Susan. Beautiful Death: Jewish Poetry and Martyrdom in Medieval France. (Princeton 2002). ISBN: 069109053X
Medieval Byzantine Myth: (Week 11)
Baldwin, Barry. Studies on Late Roman and Byzantine History, Literature, and Language. (Brill Academic Pub 1984). ISBN: 9070265567
Beaton, R. and D. Ricks. Digenes Akrites: New Approaches to Byzantine Heroic Poetry. (Ashgate 1993). ISBN: 08060783952
Browning, Robert. Byzantium and Bulgaria: A Comparative Study Across the Early Medieval Frontier. (U of CA 1975). ISBN: 0520026705
Cormach, Robin. Byzantine Art. (Oxford 2000). ISBN: 0192842110
Geanakoplos, Deno. Medieval Western Civilization and the Byzantine and Islamic Worlds. (D.C. Heath 1970). ISBN: 0669008680
Hussey, J.M. The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire. (Oxford 1990). ISBN: 0198264569
Jeffreys, E. Digenis Akritis: The Grottaferrata and Escorial Versions. (Cambridge 1998). ISBN: 0521394724
Lilie, Ralph-Johannes. Byzantium and the Crusader States: 1096-1204. (Oxford 1993). ISBN: 0198204078
Littlewood, A.R. Originality in Byzantine Literature, Art, and Music. (Oxbow Ltd 1995). ISBN: 0946897875
Mango, Cyril. The Oxford History of Byzantium. (Oxford 2002). ISBN: 0198140983
Mitchell, Stephen. Anatolia: Land, Men, and Gods in Asia Minor, Volume I: The Celts in Anatolia and the Impact of Roman Rule. (Oxford 1995). ISBN: 0198150296
---. Anatolia: Land, Men, and Gods in Asia Minor, Volume II: The Rise of the Church. (Oxford 1995). ISBN: 019815030X
Medieval Turkish Myth: (Week 12)
Andrews, Walter G. Intersections in Turkish Literature. (UMP 2001). ISBN: 047211218X
Cahen, Claude. The Formation of Turkey: History of the Near East. (AB Longman). ISBN: 0582414911
Clauson, Gerard. An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth Century Turkish. (Clarendon 1972). ISBN: 0298641125
Findley, Carl. The Turks in World History. (Oxford 2004). ISBN: 0195167708
Juvaini, Ata-Malik, J.A. Boyle, and David Morgan. Genghis Khan: The History of the World Conqueror. (Manchester 1997). ISBN: 0719051444
Nerimanoglu, Kamil Veli. The Poetics of the Book of Dede Korkut. (Ataturk Culture Center 1999). ISBN: 9751610648
Reichl, K. Singing the Past: Turkic and Medieval Heroic Poetry. (Cornell 2000). ISBN: 0801437369
---. Turkic Oral Epic Poetry: Traditions, Forms, Poetic Structure. (Taylor & Francis 1992). ISBN: 0824072103
Silay, Kemal. Nedim and the Poetics of the Ottoman Court: Medieval Inheritance and the Need for Change. (Indiana UP 1994). ISBN: 1878318098
Walker, Barbara. The Art of the Turkish Tale. (Texas Tech 1990). ISBN: 0896722287
Walker, B.K. Turkish Folk-Tales. (Oxford 1993). ISBN: 019271519
Medieval Persian Myth: (Week 13)
Ferdowsi, A. The Legend of Seyavash. (Mage 2004). ISBN: 0934211914
Ferdowsi, A. and D. Davis. Lion and the Throne, The: Stories from the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, Volume 1. Mage 1998). ISBN: 0934211507
---. Fathers and Sons: Stories from the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, Volume 2. (Mage 2000). ISBN: 0934211531
---. Sunset of Empire: Stories from the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, Volume 3. (Mage 2004). ISBN: 093421168X
Ganjavi, Nizami and Julie Scott Meisami. The Haft Paykar: A Medieval Persian Romance. (Oxford 1995). ISBN: 0192831844
Hinnells, John R. Persian Mythology. (Hamlyn 1975). ISBN: 0600030903
Meisami, Julie S. A Sea of Virtues: Bahr Al-Favaid : A Medieval Islamic Mirror for Princes. (U of Utah 1991). ISBN:
---. Medieval Persian Court Poetry. (Princeton 1987). ISBN: 0691065985
---. Persian Historiography. (Edinburgh 1999). ISBN: 0748612769
Robinson, B. The Persian Book of Kings: An Epitome of the Shahnama of Firdawsi. (Curzon 2002). ISBN: 0700716181
Ross, Denison. The Hafez Poems of Gertrude Bell. (Penguin 1981). ISBN:
Rypka, Jan. History of Iranian Literature. (Klumer 1968). ISBN: 9027701431
Yarshater, Ehsan. Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 3: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sassanian Periods. (Cambridge 1983). ISBN: 0521246938